Root account certificates remediation

Using Console

Using CLI

To prevent certificates from being tied to the root account in AWS IAM using the AWS CLI, follow these steps:

Create an IAM User for Certificate Management:
- Create a new IAM user specifically for managing certificates.
```
aws iam create-user --user-name CertificateManager
```
Attach a Policy to the IAM User:
- Attach a policy to the IAM user that grants the necessary permissions for managing certificates.
```
aws iam attach-user-policy --user-name CertificateManager --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AWSCertificateManagerFullAccess
```
Generate Access Keys for the IAM User:
- Generate access keys for the IAM user to use for certificate management.
```
aws iam create-access-key --user-name CertificateManager
```
Use the IAM User for Certificate Operations:
- Configure your AWS CLI to use the IAM user’s credentials for certificate operations.
```
aws configure
# Enter the access key and secret key for the CertificateManager user
```

By following these steps, you ensure that certificates are managed by a dedicated IAM user rather than the root account, enhancing security and reducing the risk of misconfigurations.

Using Python

To prevent certificates from being tied to the root account in IAM using Python scripts, you can use the respective SDKs for AWS, Azure, and GCP. Below are the steps and example scripts for each cloud provider:

AWS (Using Boto3)

Install Boto3:
```
pip install boto3
```

Create a Python script to check and prevent certificates tied to the root account:

import boto3

def check_root_certificates():
    iam_client = boto3.client('iam')
    response = iam_client.list_server_certificates()
    root_account_id = boto3.client('sts').get_caller_identity().get('Account')

    for cert in response['ServerCertificateMetadataList']:
        if cert['Arn'].split(':')[4] == root_account_id:
            print(f"Certificate {cert['ServerCertificateName']} is tied to the root account. Please reassign it to a specific IAM user or role.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    check_root_certificates()

Azure (Using Azure SDK for Python)

Install Azure SDK:

pip install azure-identity azure-mgmt-keyvault

Create a Python script to check and prevent certificates tied to the root account:

from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
from azure.mgmt.keyvault import KeyVaultManagementClient

def check_root_certificates(subscription_id):
    credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
    kv_client = KeyVaultManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
    vaults = kv_client.vaults.list()

    for vault in vaults:
        certificates = kv_client.certificates.list(vault.name, vault.resource_group_name)
        for cert in certificates:
            if cert.properties.issuer_name == 'Self':
                print(f"Certificate {cert.name} in vault {vault.name} is tied to the root account. Please reassign it to a specific user or service principal.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    subscription_id = 'your-subscription-id'
    check_root_certificates(subscription_id)

GCP (Using Google Cloud Client Libraries)

Install Google Cloud Client Libraries:
```
pip install google-cloud-iam
```

Create a Python script to check and prevent certificates tied to the root account:

from google.cloud import iam_credentials_v1
from google.oauth2 import service_account

def check_root_certificates():
    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file('path-to-your-service-account-file.json')
    client = iam_credentials_v1.IAMCredentialsClient(credentials=credentials)
    project_id = 'your-project-id'
    service_accounts = client.list_service_accounts(name=f'projects/{project_id}')

    for sa in service_accounts.accounts:
        if sa.email.endswith('iam.gserviceaccount.com'):
            print(f"Service account {sa.email} has certificates tied to it. Please reassign them to a specific user or service account.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    check_root_certificates()

Summary

Install the necessary SDKs for your cloud provider.
Create a Python script to list certificates and check if they are tied to the root account.
Print a warning message if any certificates are found to be tied to the root account.
Run the script to ensure no certificates are tied to the root account.

These scripts will help you identify and prevent certificates from being tied to the root account in AWS, Azure, and GCP.

AWS Introduction

AWS Pricing

AWS Threats

AWS Misconfigurations

Root account certificates remediation

Triage and Remediation

How to Prevent

AWS (Using Boto3)

Azure (Using Azure SDK for Python)

GCP (Using Google Cloud Client Libraries)

Summary

AWS Introduction

AWS Pricing

AWS Threats

AWS Misconfigurations

​Triage and Remediation

​How to Prevent

Triage and Remediation

How to Prevent