User Account Certificates Should Be Rotated

To prevent the misconfiguration of user account certificates not being rotated in AWS IAM using the AWS CLI, you can follow these steps:

1. Create a Policy to Enforce Certificate Rotation: Create an IAM policy that enforces the rotation of user account certificates. This policy can be attached to IAM users or roles to ensure compliance.

   aws iam create-policy --policy-name EnforceCertificateRotation --policy-document '{
       "Version": "2012-10-17",
       "Statement": [
           {
               "Effect": "Deny",
               "Action": "iam:UploadSigningCertificate",
               "Resource": "*",
               "Condition": {
                   "DateGreaterThan": {
                       "aws:CurrentTime": "2023-12-31T23:59:59Z"
                   }
               }
           }
       ]
   }'
   

2. Attach the Policy to IAM Users or Groups: Attach the created policy to the IAM users or groups that need to comply with the certificate rotation policy.

   aws iam attach-user-policy --user-name <username> --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::<account-id>:policy/EnforceCertificateRotation
   

3. Set Up a CloudWatch Rule to Monitor Certificate Age: Create a CloudWatch rule to monitor the age of IAM user certificates and trigger an alert or Lambda function if a certificate is older than a specified threshold.

   aws events put-rule --name "MonitorCertificateAge" --schedule-expression "rate(1 day)"
   

4. Create a Lambda Function to Check and Notify: Create a Lambda function that checks the age of IAM user certificates and sends notifications if they are older than the allowed threshold. Ensure the Lambda function has the necessary permissions to access IAM and send notifications.

   aws lambda create-function --function-name CheckCertificateAge --runtime python3.8 --role arn:aws:iam::<account-id>:role/<lambda-execution-role> --handler lambda_function.lambda_handler --zip-file fileb://function.zip
   

By following these steps, you can enforce and monitor the rotation of user account certificates in AWS IAM using the AWS CLI.

To prevent the misconfiguration of not rotating user account certificates in IAM using Python scripts, you can follow these steps:

1. Set Up AWS SDK (Boto3)

First, ensure you have the AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) installed. You can install it using pip if you haven’t already:

pip install boto3

2. Create a Python Script to List IAM Users and Their Certificates

You need to create a script that lists all IAM users and their associated certificates. This will help you identify which certificates need to be rotated.

import boto3

# Initialize a session using Amazon IAM
session = boto3.Session(profile_name='your_profile_name')
iam_client = session.client('iam')

# List all IAM users
users = iam_client.list_users()

for user in users['Users']:
    user_name = user['UserName']
    # List signing certificates for each user
    certs = iam_client.list_signing_certificates(UserName=user_name)
    for cert in certs['Certificates']:
        print(f"User: {user_name}, Certificate ID: {cert['CertificateId']}, Status: {cert['Status']}, Upload Date: {cert['UploadDate']}")

3. Automate Certificate Rotation

Create a script to automate the rotation of certificates. This script will deactivate old certificates and create new ones.

import boto3
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

# Initialize a session using Amazon IAM
session = boto3.Session(profile_name='your_profile_name')
iam_client = session.client('iam')

# Define the rotation period (e.g., 90 days)
rotation_period = timedelta(days=90)

# List all IAM users
users = iam_client.list_users()

for user in users['Users']:
    user_name = user['UserName']
    # List signing certificates for each user
    certs = iam_client.list_signing_certificates(UserName=user_name)
    for cert in certs['Certificates']:
        upload_date = cert['UploadDate'].replace(tzinfo=None)
        if datetime.now() - upload_date > rotation_period:
            # Deactivate the old certificate
            iam_client.update_signing_certificate(
                UserName=user_name,
                CertificateId=cert['CertificateId'],
                Status='Inactive'
            )
            # Create a new certificate
            new_cert = iam_client.upload_signing_certificate(
                UserName=user_name,
                CertificateBody='new_certificate_body_here'
            )
            print(f"Rotated certificate for user: {user_name}, New Certificate ID: {new_cert['Certificate']['CertificateId']}")

4. Schedule the Script to Run Periodically

Use a task scheduler like cron (Linux/macOS) or Task Scheduler (Windows) to run the script periodically, ensuring certificates are rotated regularly.

Example for cron (Linux/macOS):

1. Open the crontab editor:

   crontab -e
   

2. Add a cron job to run the script every 90 days:

   0 0 */90 * * /usr/bin/python3 /path/to/your_script.py
   

By following these steps, you can automate the process of rotating user account certificates in IAM using Python scripts, ensuring compliance and security.