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Event Information

  1. The “cloudsql.instances.rotateServerCa” event in GCP for CloudSQL refers to the rotation of the server certificate authority (CA) for a CloudSQL instance.
  2. This event indicates that the CA used to sign the server certificates for the CloudSQL instance has been rotated, ensuring the security and integrity of the SSL/TLS connections to the database.
  3. Rotating the server CA helps to mitigate the risk of compromised or outdated certificates, and it is an important security practice to maintain the trustworthiness of the CloudSQL instance.

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Examples

  • The security of the CloudSQL instance can be impacted if the rotation of the server CA is not properly managed. This can lead to potential vulnerabilities and unauthorized access to the database.
  • One example of how security can be impacted is if the rotation process is not properly followed, resulting in the use of an outdated or compromised server CA certificate. This can allow attackers to intercept and decrypt sensitive data transmitted between the application and the database.
  • Another example is if the rotation process is not properly communicated and coordinated with the application team. This can lead to connection failures and disruptions in the application’s ability to access the database, potentially causing downtime and impacting business operations.

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Remediation

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Using Console

  1. Enable automatic backups:
  • Go to the GCP Console and navigate to the Cloud SQL instances page.
  • Select the instance for which you want to enable automatic backups.
  • Click on the “Edit” button.
  • Scroll down to the “Backup” section and check the box next to “Automated backups”.
  • Set the desired backup retention period.
  • Click on the “Save” button to apply the changes.
  1. Enable SSL/TLS encryption for connections:
  • Go to the GCP Console and navigate to the Cloud SQL instances page.
  • Select the instance for which you want to enable SSL/TLS encryption.
  • Click on the “Edit” button.
  • Scroll down to the “Connections” section and check the box next to “Require SSL”.
  • Choose the appropriate SSL/TLS certificate option.
  • Click on the “Save” button to apply the changes.
  1. Enable VPC Service Controls:
  • Go to the GCP Console and navigate to the VPC Service Controls page.
  • Click on the “Create Perimeter” button.
  • Provide a name and description for the perimeter.
  • Select the project and location where the Cloud SQL instance is located.
  • Add the Cloud SQL API to the list of services allowed within the perimeter.
  • Configure the desired access levels and conditions.
  • Click on the “Create” button to create the perimeter.
  • Associate the perimeter with the Cloud SQL instance by going to the Cloud SQL instances page, selecting the instance, clicking on the “Edit” button, and selecting the perimeter from the “VPC Service Controls” section.
  • Click on the “Save” button to apply the changes.

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Using CLI

To remediate the issues in GCP CloudSQL using GCP CLI, you can follow these steps:

  1. Enable automatic backups:

    • Use the gcloud sql instances patch command to update the instance configuration.
    • Specify the --backup-start-time flag to set a specific time for backups to start.
    • Example command: gcloud sql instances patch INSTANCE_NAME --backup-start-time HH:MM

  2. Enable SSL/TLS encryption for connections:

    • Use the gcloud sql instances patch command to update the instance configuration.
    • Specify the --require-ssl flag to enforce SSL/TLS encryption for connections.
    • Example command: gcloud sql instances patch INSTANCE_NAME --require-ssl

  3. Enable VPC Service Controls:

    • Use the gcloud services vpc-peerings update command to enable VPC Service Controls.
    • Specify the --service flag to specify the service name (e.g., servicenetworking.googleapis.com).
    • Specify the --network flag to specify the VPC network name.
    • Example command: gcloud services vpc-peerings update --service=SERVICE_NAME --network=NETWORK_NAME

Note: Replace INSTANCE_NAME, HH:MM, SERVICE_NAME, and NETWORK_NAME with the appropriate values for your environment.

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Using Python

To remediate the issues mentioned in the previous response for GCP CloudSQL using Python, you can follow these steps:

  1. Enable automatic backups:
    • Use the googleapiclient library to interact with the Cloud SQL API.
    • Use the instances().get() method to retrieve the current configuration of the Cloud SQL instance.
    • Set the backupConfiguration.enabled field to True to enable automatic backups.
    • Use the instances().update() method to update the Cloud SQL instance with the new configuration.
from googleapiclient import discovery
from oauth2client.client import GoogleCredentials

credentials = GoogleCredentials.get_application_default()
service = discovery.build('sqladmin', 'v1beta4', credentials=credentials)

project_id = 'your-project-id'
instance_name = 'your-instance-name'

instance = service.instances().get(project=project_id, instance=instance_name).execute()
instance['settings']['backupConfiguration']['enabled'] = True

service.instances().update(project=project_id, instance=instance_name, body=instance).execute()
  1. Enable SSL/TLS encryption:
    • Use the googleapiclient library to interact with the Cloud SQL API.
    • Use the instances().get() method to retrieve the current configuration of the Cloud SQL instance.
    • Set the settings.ipConfiguration.requireSsl field to True to enforce SSL/TLS encryption.
    • Use the instances().update() method to update the Cloud SQL instance with the new configuration.
from googleapiclient import discovery
from oauth2client.client import GoogleCredentials

credentials = GoogleCredentials.get_application_default()
service = discovery.build('sqladmin', 'v1beta4', credentials=credentials)

project_id = 'your-project-id'
instance_name = 'your-instance-name'

instance = service.instances().get(project=project_id, instance=instance_name).execute()
instance['settings']['ipConfiguration']['requireSsl'] = True

service.instances().update(project=project_id, instance=instance_name, body=instance).execute()
  1. Enable VPC Service Controls:
    • Use the googleapiclient library to interact with the Access Context Manager API.
    • Use the accessPolicies().get() method to retrieve the current configuration of the access policy.
    • Set the servicePerimeters[].resources[].services[].vpcAccessibleServices[].enableRestriction field to True for Cloud SQL.
    • Use the accessPolicies().update() method to update the access policy with the new configuration.
from googleapiclient import discovery
from oauth2client.client import GoogleCredentials

credentials = GoogleCredentials.get_application_default()
service = discovery.build('accesscontextmanager', 'v1', credentials=credentials)

access_policy_name = 'your-access-policy-name'
service_perimeter_name = 'your-service-perimeter-name'

access_policy = service.accessPolicies().get(name=access_policy_name).execute()
for service_perimeter in access_policy['servicePerimeters']:
    if service_perimeter['name'] == service_perimeter_name:
        for resource in service_perimeter['resources']:
            if resource['service'] == 'sqladmin.googleapis.com':
                resource['vpcAccessibleServices'][0]['enableRestriction'] = True

service.accessPolicies().update(name=access_policy_name, body=access_policy).execute()

Please note that you need to replace 'your-project-id', 'your-instance-name', 'your-access-policy-name', and 'your-service-perimeter-name' with the actual values specific to your environment.